Sterilization en Masse: Counter to Women’s Rights
Millions of women throughout the world live in conditions of abject deprivation of, and attacks against, their fundamental human rights for no other reason than that they are women. Women’s rights refer to freedoms and entitlements of women and girls of all ages. These rights may or may not be institutionalized, ignored or suppressed by law, local custom, and behaviour in a particular society. These liberties are grouped together and differentiated from broader notions of human rights because they often differ from the freedoms inherently possessed by or recognized for men and boys, and because activists for this issue claim an inherent historical and traditional bias against the exercise of rights by women and girls.
Reproductive rights directly stem from women’s rights. These rights rest on the recognition of the basic right of all couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information and means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health. They also include the right of all to make decisions concerning reproduction free of discrimination, coercion and violence.
Furthermore Reproductive rights address women’s ability and right to control when and whether to be pregnant. Without the ability to control pregnancy, women’s rights in other areas may be less meaningful, as women will not be able to fully make choices about education, work, and marriage.
According to recent reports by victims and health officials in Uzbekistan, hundreds of Uzbek women who have been surgically sterilized without their knowledge or consent in a program designed to prevent overpopulation from fueling unrest. Human rights advocates and doctors say autocratic President Islam Karimov this year ramped up a sterilization campaign he initiated in the late 1990s. In a decree issued in February, the Health Ministry ordered all medical facilities to “strengthen control over the medical examination of women of childbearing age.”
Uzbekistan is not alone in coming under allegations of using sterilizations to fight population growth: Authorities in China’s Guangdong Province were accused by Amnesty International in April of carrying out coerced sterilizations to meet family planning goals. But no other country is known to use that method as a government policy.
This also is an issue of medical ethics. Those in the medical profession take an oath “to do no harm” and yet this is a harm done like no other just to follow government policy. Many states provide a general guarantee of equality for women and a right to be free from gender based discrimination in both peace agreements. Uzbekistan must be made one of them. Its government is guilty for violating women’s rights and have to be made accountable for it. Unless this is undertaken there will be no end to the atrocities done unto women in the said country.
Who is a Jewish Citizen: A Matter of Faith and Policy
Author Executive Office of the President, Date 18 May 2009(2009-05-18), This image is a work of an employee of the Executive Office of the President of the United States, taken or made during the course of the person's official duties. As a work of the U.S. federal government, the image is in the public domain.
Jews in the Diaspora realize the need for Israel to have equal citizenship, for Arabs too, and in the last two years we saw some prominent Jewish leaders come together in the United States in order to promote this issue. For them, equal citizenship is a foremost Jewish and democratic value on which the Jews premise their just rights anywhere in the world. This issue is all about citizenship and religious pluralism. Some consider religious pluralism and religious diversity to be synonyms; That is, pluralism is a simple recognition of the fact that there are many different faith groups active in the country. Using this definition, religious pluralism is a statistical fact according to data collected by census offices and public opinion pollsters.
As a native-born minority they do not make do with passive citizenship, but rather, extend it into a demand to take part in building the country on the basis of full and equal citizenship, as well as proper representation in all state institutions. Recently Israeli parliamentary committee gave preliminary approval to a draft legislation that would give Orthodox rabbis in Israel more control over conversions. The more liberal Reform and Conservative movements that represent the vast majority of Jews outside Israel contend the new legislation would be a dangerous blow to religious pluralism.
A leading Rabbi said that: “There must be legislation allowing Jewish people everywhere in the world to become Israeli citizens, even if they do not live here.” Rabbi Zalman Melamed asserted at a conference debating Torah-derived teachings as they pertain to minority issues in Israel that Israel must be more particular of its citizenship laws. On the other hand Democratic Constitution” of the “Adalah” organization bases the nature of citizenship in the State of Israel on universal values of freedom and equality.
Under the current practice, Israel only partially recognizes conversions performed by non-Orthodox rabbis inside Israel, while those converted by non-Orthodox rabbis outside the country are automatically eligible for Israeli citizenship like other Jews. The proposed legislation would give Israel’s chief rabbinate the legal authority over all matters of conversion in Israel. In fact Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu contended he would oppose a conversion bill that has rekindled the age-old debate over who is a Jew and has provoked an angry response among liberal Jewish groups abroad whose support is critical to Israel.
In line with the proposal made by the forefathers of Zionism, the Adalah group, and Diaspora Jews, citizenship in Israel must be premised on democratic values and equality. These values and norms will serve as a standard for judging racist declarations by leaders and opinion makers and for evaluating government policies of ethnicity-based discrimination in Israel. In Israel, the concept of citizenship is perceived to be an import, but it is worthwhile to acquire it both as a moral principle and as a means for running the state.
Loss of the Rainforest is Adding up to Environmental Depletion
The atmosphere and oceans are not the only parts of the environment being damaged. Rain forests are being quickly destroyed as well, and their survival is questionable. E.O. Wilson, a biologist at Harvard, called the depletion of rain forest areas “the greatest extinction since the end of the age of dinosaurs.”Unlike some environmental issues, rain forest depletion has fortunately received significant public and media attention. Despite the opposition to the cutting down of rain forests, the problem continues. Every year, Brazil chops down an area of forest the size of the state of Nebraska.
In recent reports great areas of Guatemalan rain forest, once the cradle of one of the world’s great civilizations, are being razed to clear land for cattle-ranching drug barons. Other parts of the Maya Biosphere Reserve, Central America’s largest protected area, have been burned down by small cities of squatters. Does population affect and put stress on the environment, society and resources? Existing consumption patterns as seen in Europe and North America can put strain on the environment and natural resources. But how much of the environmental degradation we see today is as a result of over-population and how much is due to over-exploitation due to consumerism and geopolitical interests? Especially when considering that globally, the 20% of the world’s people in the highest-income countries account for 86% of total private consumption expenditures – the poorest 20% a minuscule 1.3%.
The key to undoing this is sustainable development. The idea of sustainable development grew from numerous environmental movements in earlier decades. Summits such as the Earth Summit in Rio, Brazil, 1992, were major international meetings to bring sustainable development to the mainstream. However, the record on moving towards sustainability so far appears to have been quite poor. The concept of sustainability means many different things to different people, and a large part of humanity around the world still live without access to basic necessities.
One of the main causes of is logging for timber. Millions of hectares are cut down every year, often illegally. The most valuable wood is taken and not replaced. Landless people move in along the new logging roads. This is not viable. These practices in turn contribute to the serious effect known as global warming. When the trees in the rainforest are cut down, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. This carbon dioxide acts as a blanket, trapping the sun’s heat and warming the planet. This can have huge consequences for the world’s climate.
In summary, the rainforests are important for the environment because they produce oxygen, store carbon and have huge stores of timber, minerals, medicinal plants and food. They are potentially a huge source of genetic material. Human activities are damaging this treasure.
If we do not take action now, this vital part of our heritage will be lost forever.
Is Hamas going Anti – Women?
The issue of women in Islam is highly controversial. While it is generally agreed that the rights granted to women in the Qur’an and by the prophet Muhammad were a vast improvement in comparison to the situation of women in Arabia prior to the advent of Islam. Judged by much of the media coverage, the status of Muslim women seems to come down to a matter of clothing: what they are required to wear in countries such as Iran and Saudi Arabia or what they were once discouraged from wearing in Turkey. But to veil or not to veil is hardly the question. The fate of women’s rights throughout the Islamic world today hinges on matters of far greater substance, from reforms of family and penal codes to new understandings of Islamic law and teaching. In these best and worst of times for Muslim women, it is perhaps not surprising that every promising bit of news seems to come with a disturbing counterpoint. But the Hamas in Palestine has taken this to a whole new level.
What Muslims around the world tell us they believe is that the key to progress is attachment to their spiritual and moral values. They really do see that Islam offers a solution for their problems and they see Islam as their society’s greatest asset. When we asked people what they admired most about the Muslim world, what they tell us is their attachment to Islam, Islamic values, value of hospitality, the value of family. So I think that whereas people around the world do feel that the problems are diverse, many of them do mention Islam as a part of that solution, and when we ask people what can Muslims do to help themselves, one of the most frequent responses is for them to unify and another is for them to follow Islam and make it a greater and more authentic part of their lives.
Islamic Feminism is concerned with the role of women in Islam. It aims for the full equality of all Muslims, regardless of sex or gender, in public and private life. Islamic feminists advocate women’s rights, gender equality, and social justice grounded in an Islamic framework. Although rooted in Islam, the movement’s pioneers have also utilized secular and European or non-Muslim feminist discourses and recognize the role of Islamic feminism as part of an integrated global feminist movement. Advocates of the movement seek to highlight the deeply rooted teachings of equality in the Qur’an and encourage a questioning of the patriarchal interpretation of Islamic teaching through the Qur’an (holy book), hadith (sayings of Muhammad), and sharia (law) towards the creation of a more equal and just society.
Despite the blockade Gaza’s Hamas rulers have banned women from smoking water pipes in cafes, sending plainclothes agents through popular beachside spots Sunday to enforce the edict. Some women in the Palestinian territory are grumbling. Again women’s rights are challenged by faith.
Cry of the First Nations: The Iroquois Issue
Author Dave Pape, I grant anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law.
There does not seem to be one definitive definition of indigenous people, but generally indigenous people are those that have historically belonged to a particular region or country, before its colonization or transformation into a nation state, and may have different—often unique—cultural, linguistic, traditional, and other characteristics to those of the dominant culture of that region or state.
In many parts of the world, indigenous peoples suffer from a history of discrimination and exclusion that has left them on the margins of the larger societies in which they exist. For this reason, they face great difficulties in maintaining and developing their own models of development and wellbeing and are consequently disproportionately affected by poverty and exclusion. Under the basic principles of universality, equality and non – discrimination, indigenous peoples are entitled to the full range of rights established under international law. However, indigenous peoples, as collectivities, have distinct and unique cultures and world views, and their current needs and aspirations for the future may differ from those of the mainstream population. Their equal worth and dignity can only be assured through the recognition and protection of not only their individual rights, but also their collective rights as distinct groups. It is when these rights are asserted collectively that they can be realized in a meaningful way. This has led to the development of a separate body of international instruments for the recognition and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples.
The rights of Native nations to govern themselves independently has long been recognized by federal treaties, but the extent of that recognition beyond U.S borders is under challenge in a post-Sept. 11 world. After initially refusing to accept Iroquois-issued passports because the documents lack security features, the State Department gave the team a one-time waiver.
International human rights instruments are not enough to guarantee the survival, wellbeing and dignity of indigenous peoples, even if they have a great importance for the protection of their rights. Most international human rights instruments protect the rights of the individual. Indigenous peoples need the recognition of specific collective rights for their survival as human groups. These rights include indigenous peoples’ rights to their lands, territories and resources, to maintain their cultures, to recognition of their distinct identities, to self-government and self – determination, and to be asked for their free, prior and informed consent in decisions that may affect them. Such rights are considered the minimum standards for the protection of their survival as distinct peoples and are intended to address the challenges most indigenous peoples face around the world.
In the news in the United States American Indian lacrosse team’s refusal to travel on passports not issued by the Iroquois confederacy goes to the heart of one of the most sensitive issues in Indian Country — sovereignty. The trend among nations is that there is increased multi – culturalism and renewed focus on indigenous peoples, particularly their needs and wants.
Synthetic Euphoria: Drug Legalization, Harm Reduction, and Drug Policy
Marijuana is illegal to possess for recreational or commercial purposes. In reaction to marijuana prohibition, smokeable herbal blends have become popular route to score that sweet, sweet legal high. The newest blend that is on the shelves at local smoke shops is being labelled as “fake weed” because of the marijuana-like high that comes from smoking it, despite not containing THC. The latest trend at teen parties isn’t warm beer or prescription medicines pilfered from parents’ medicine cabinets. Instead, increasing numbers of youths are turning to an herb-based product to get high, and unlike marijuana, it’s perfectly legal. It’s known as K2 or Spice, a synthetic substance that, when smoked, gives users a marijuana-like high, according to drug authorities. Its growing popularity is causing increasing alarm among health care professionals, law enforcement authorities and lawmakers, with one Drug Enforcement Agency official calling its use the equivalent of “playing Russian roulette.”
These Legal-ish alternatives to marijuana exist; you just need to know where to look for it. Apparently that’s what someone learned when they put the herbal incense brand “Spice” in their pipe and smoked it. The results were, like, totally rad, dude. It turns out Spice contains the synthetic substance JWH-018, which is incredibly similar to the main active component of marijuana. Although sold legally in many countries, governments around the world are lining up to put the kibosh on the Spice party. This is nothing short that evolving a widely used narcotic yet the authorities struggle to deal with it. Another matter is that of the public and political demands for marijuana’s medical availability, federal drug agencies are instead promoting bureaucratically sanctioned alternatives which are synthetic, expensive and often ineffective. It is ironic that after decades of pretending marijuana is medically useless, federal drug agencies are now aggressively pushing synthetic Marinol, the so-called “pot pill,” by arguing it is as safe and effective as marijuana.
Many people do not understand why individuals become addicted to drugs or how drugs change the brain to foster compulsive drug abuse. They mistakenly view drug abuse and addiction as strictly a social problem and may characterize those who take drugs as morally weak. One very common belief is that drug abusers should be able to just stop taking drugs if they are only willing to change their behaviour. What people often underestimate is the complexity of drug addiction—that it is a disease that impacts the brain and because of that, stopping drug abuse is not simply a matter of willpower. Through scientific advances we now know much more about how exactly drugs work in the brain, and we also know that drug addiction can be successfully treated to help people stop abusing drugs and resume their productive lives. Alternative or not, legal or not it is still part of the problem and has to be dealt with before it spreads and add to the current drug problem already present in society.
Soldiers: Let’s Unmasked the real Militia – Villagers or Professionals Recruits?
A Militia is an organization of citizens prepared to provide defence, emergency, or paramilitary service, or those engaged in such activity. Militias can be government sanctioned or independent organizations. The legality of such organizations varies by country, as does the role they have played in the founding of different countries. Militias, being composed of civilians rather than professional soldiers, vary in their military training and have historically been found inadequate to their appointed task of defending their country against foreign attack. Recently Gen. David H. Petraeus has met sharp resistance from President Hamid Karzai to an American plan to assist Afghan villagers in fighting the Taliban on their own. The idea of recruiting villagers into local defence programs is a key part of the U.S. military strategy in Afghanistan, and Karzai’s stance poses an early challenge to Petraeus as he tries to fashion a collaborative relationship with the Afghan leader. Senior U.S. officials say that the United States would like to expand the program to about two dozen sites across Afghanistan, double the current number, and are hoping to overcome Karzai’s concerns. But the issue is delicate to many who fear that such experiments could lead Afghanistan further into warlordism and out-of-control militias.
Warlordism plagues many weak and failed states, and the parochial and often brutal rule of warlords deprives countries of the chance for lasting security and economic growth. This situation is not new; warlordism has arisen across history in a variety of geographical locations. In some of these cases, societies have managed to eradicate warlordism, paving the way for stable governance structures to emerge. Afghanistan in fact is prone to such especially with the expansion of militia drawn from villagers. However the reality is also tells us that the country cannot at this time have a sufficient armed force to rely on. Notably Karzai said his government would abolish private militias and warlordism and integrate into the national mainstream former fighters who surrender their arms. He stated: “Afghanistan needs to have institutions, the rule of law, that’s what we will do.” Moreover “Warlordism, and private militias will not be tolerated at all, they will have to go away.”
And yet you have the United States approach of empowering militias to supplement the insufficient armed forces of Afghanistan. The detritus of tribal war litters the road that leads into this quiet mountain hamlet in eastern Afghanistan. The charred bodies of vehicles and the skeletal remains of destroyed houses fill the desert that flanks the road. Most of the shops in the main bazaar are shuttered, and some residents have packed up and left. This is the glimpse if warlordism consumes this fledgling country and yet the same can be said for disorder. Afghanistan is at a cross roads and it has to thread lightly lest it stumbles back in into the darkness that it is still emerging from.
Paul the Octopus and The Human Cost Of Animal Rights Violence
It is in the nature of animals to assert themselves in the animal world but this in itself has nothing to do with having rights. At a certain point in time man conceived the notion of ‘rights’ and it is man alone that employs such a concept. Why then do we speak of animal rights? The answer is quite simple: animal rights are meant to set limits to human behavior. If we fail to set clear legal limits to human behaviour in relation to animals, it will be impossible to initiate legal proceedings against those who exceed these limits. Animals are vulnerable, defenceless and completely in man’s power. Persons who disregard the well being of animals should be brought to court and be held accountable for violating animal rights.
In the news People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), an Animal rights group is demanding the release of Paul, the psychic octopus, who has become a global star for his FIFA World Cup predictions. Bruce Friedrich, PETA spokesperson said that they were urging people to sign an online petition demanding Paul’s release. “No animal deserves to be confined to a tiny tank and we’re hoping that Paul’s popularity, or in Germany notoriety, will cause people to think a little bit more about the inner lives of octopuses.” The move comes after death threats from German fans, after all Paul is the object of their anger and contempt. Paul, from Aquarium Sea Life Centre in Oberhausen, Germany, had predicted the outcome of all six of Germany’s matches by choosing to eat food from boxes adorned with the flags of Germany and its rivals. Meanwhile, the eight-legged oracle has predicted that Spain will win the World Cup final, and Germany will emerge victorious in the battle for third place over Uruguay.
The issues surrounding the philosophies of animal rights and animal welfare are very familiar to those who utilize animals in industry, entertainment, sport or recreation. As society has migrated from our agricultural roots to a more urban existence, the importance of distinguishing between animal rights and animal welfare becomes paramount. Some people believe animal rights supersede human rights. Some believe that there is no moral difference between the life of a whooping crane and the life of a human. Only a few decades ago, people with such irrational beliefs would have been institutionalized for their own protection. Many other people at this end of the social spectrum refuse to eat meat. They won’t eat “anything that used to have a face.” No matter how you slice it, [that's a pun] these people are just plain abnormal. The deep set moral question is best reduced to a simply analogy. If you had a nuclear bomb and you decided to use it and actually use it on an anthill does that have any moral bearing on you? Does that kill your in some way? If it does then how?
Hezbollah Village Armory: Israeli Indiscriminate Attacks Killed Most Civilians
Human shields are persons who volunteers or is forced to take up a position at a likely military target as a means of forestalling an enemy attack. What if the shield is a community and it is used to insulate from attack military assets? Recently in the news Israel’s military released maps and aerial photographs showing what it described as a network of Hezbollah weapons depots and command centers inside villages. These are in south Lebanon, near the Israeli border. The Israeli material included detailed maps and 3-D simulations showing individual buildings that the military identified as rocket storehouses. Some were shown to be located close to schools and hospitals. The rare publication of what seemed to be detailed intelligence material appeared aimed at demonstrating Israel’s reach and preparing public opinion for possible strikes inside villages and the attendant civilian casualties if a future round of fighting erupts. In Beirut, a Hezbollah official said he would not comment before seeing the information.
Can this be treated as a case of Human Shields? In the past Israel in its fight to defend itself against Hamas attacks against its civilians, Israel is faced with moral challenges unprecedented in their complexity. Hamas, as a basic element of its strategy, exploits the Palestinian population as shields for its terrorist operations and infrastructure. This cynical strategy include the following tactics: the deliberate launching of rocket from populated areas, the deliberate use of civilian homes to shield Hamas arms and explosives manufacturing facilities and the deliberate use of civilians as human shields against anticipated airstrikes.
In this sense the said scenario if established to be factual will be the same. The Hezbollah could be adopting a similar approach to dealing with the Israeli armed forces. Human Shield increases the civilian casualty rate and is illegal in any nation that is party to the Fourth Geneva Convention. The Israeli army said it was investigating the incident, which reportedly took place in Nablus. In a video clip posted on the Yediot Ahronot newspaper’s website, two Palestinian youths are shown leaning over an Israeli jeep with a soldier inside. A foreign peace activist tells the soldier, “You can’t use them as human shields, it is against the law.” The soldier says he is not doing so, adding, “We asked them to speak to their friends and ask them to stop throwing stones at us.” The military, announcing the suspension, said soldiers “apparently made prohibited use of civilians”. Palestinians and Israeli human rights groups have regularly complained that Israel uses human shields to stop youths from throwing stones at them, but there has often been no proof.
No wonder that the use of human shields be they individually or as a group or a community pervades conflicts involving Israel. Both sides avail of the same reprehensible tactic and perpetuate the conflict. The Hezbollah might have its armoury protected by the village since Israel does the same then it does not matter anymore.
“Happy” Soldiers in Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell Policy Is Still Meets Uncertainties
In the news a copy of the Pentagon survey gauging the impact of repealing the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell ban on gay soldiers serving openly in the military has been leaked to the Palm Center research institute. Defense Secretary Robert Gates strongly urged gays and lesbians to participate in the survey in a press conference Thursday and assured them their identities would remain private. His remarks came after the Service members Legal Defense Network, a gay advocacy group, warned that gay solders could be inadvertently ousted and discharged from the military by filling out the questionnaire. So long as the Don’t Ask policy remains in place, the group stressed, any soldier telling the army that he or she is gay might be vulnerable to discharge. Still, the questions on the survey are noteworthy for not assuming that the military’s gay ban will be repealed. One question reads: “If Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell is repealed and you had on-base housing and a gay or lesbian service member was living with a same-sex partner on-base, what would you most likely do?”
The struggle over admitting self-acknowledged homosexuals into the armed services has something to do with the nature of the military but a lot more to do with the nature of homosexuality. It strikes me as a battle over assumptions: whether homosexuality is chosen or discovered; whether it can and should be “cured”; whether gays are predatory recruiters for their “lifestyle”; whether it’s sound public policy to enact statutory protections of gay and lesbian rights in housing, employment, inheritance law, admission to the military, etc., and thereby to foster greater tolerance and, eventually, social acceptance of homosexuality; whether gays and lesbians can be good parents; whether the notion of same-sex marriage cheapens and undercuts or compliments and complements the male-female variety; whether the effect of the gay sensibility on politics, family life, theater, films, the arts in general is malevolent or positive, or both, or neither; whether, psychologically, homosexuality is an aberration, a basic flaw, or simply a difference; whether, morally and ethically, homosexual love-making—men lying with men, women with women—is perverse, repulsive, evil, or merely a sexual variant, in itself neither better nor worse than heterosexuality; and, finally, whether the belief that homosexuality is of its very nature a social disvalue, a psychological aberration, and a moral evil is founded on sound, time-tested personal and social values or is rooted in inherited bias, personal ignorance, and/or homophobic fear.
The fact of the matter is gay or not they are first and foremost citizens of the United States with the same rights as any other citizens. More notable and commendable is the fact that they choose to actively offer their lives for their country as soldiers. Could any country ask more of its citizens? Disturbing is the fact that those who are “witch – hunting” gays would no so readily commit themselves to their country in the same manner.



